Calomel

Mercury(I) chloride is thechemical compound with the formula Hg₂Cl₂. Also known as calomel (a mineral form, rarely found in nature) ormercurous chloride, this dense white or yellowish-white, odorless solid is the principal example of amercury(I) compound.

Contents 1 History 2 Properties 3 Preparation and reactions 3.1 Calomel electrode 3.2 Photochemistry 4 Related mercury(I) compounds 5 Safety considerations 6 References 7 External links

History

The name calomel is thought to come from the Greekκαλός beautiful, and μέλαςblack. This name (somewhat surprising for a white compound) is probably due to its characteristicdisproportionation reaction with ammonia, which gives a spectacular black coloration due to the finely dispersed metallic mercury formed. It is also referred to as the mineral horn quicksilver orhorn mercury. Calomel was taken internally and used as a laxative and disinfectant, as well as in the treatment of syphilis, until the early 20th century.

Mercury became a popular remedy for a variety of physical and mental ailments during the age of "heroic medicine." It was used by doctors in America throughout the 18th century, and during the revolution, to make patients regurgitate and release their body from "impurities". Benjamin Rush, a famed physician in colonial Philadelphia and signatory to the Declaration of Independence, was one particular well-known advocate of mercury in medicine and famously used calomel to treat sufferers ofyellow fever during its outbreak in the city in 1793. Calomel was given to patients as a purgative until they began to salivate. However, it was often administered to patients in such great quantities that their hair and teeth fell out.^[3] Shortly after yellow fever struck Philadelphia, the disease broke out in Jamaica. 

A war of words broke out in the newspapers concerning the best treatment for yellow fever;
bleeding or calomel.
Anecdotal evidence indicates calomel was more effective than bleeding. ^[4]

Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound

Lydia Estes Pinkham (February 9, 1819 – May 17, 1883) was an iconic concocter and shrewd marketer of a commercially successful herbal-alcoholic "women's tonic" meant to relieve menstrual andmenopausal pains.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound 3 The original product and its modern descendants 4 Drinking songs 5 References 6 Notes 7 External links

Like many women of her time Lydia Pinkham brewed home remedies, which she continually collected. Her remedy for "female complaints" became very popular among her neighbours to whom she gave it away. One story is that her husband was given the recipe as part payment for a debt,^[6] whatever truth may be in this the ingredients of her remedy were generally consistent with the herbal knowledge available to her through such sources as John King's American Dispensary which she is known to have owned and used.^[4] In Lydia Pinkham's time and place the reputation of the medical profession was low. Medical fees were too expensive for most Americans to afford except in emergencies, in which case the remedies were more likely to kill than cure. For example a common "medicine" was calomel, in fact not a medicine but a deadly mercurial toxin, and this fact was even at the time sufficiently well known among the sceptical to be the subject of a popular comic song.^[7] In these circumstances there is no mystery why many preferred to trust unlicensed "root and herb" practitioners, and to trust women prepared to share their domestic remedies such as Lydia Pinkham.^[8]

Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound  became one of the best known patent medicines of the 19th century. 

Top 10 Mad Scientists in History

Source

Tinturas

Tintura Defensa de Inmunidad:
Astragalus mongholicus root,
Echinacea purpurea root,
Echinacea angustifolia root,
Calendula flower (Calendula officinalis) and
Sarsaparilla root (Smilax ornate)

http://www.dsalud.com/numero77_6.htm
dsalud.com
http://www.layerberia.com/products.html

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Medizin im Mittelalter

Die zehn bizarrsten Heilmethoden
Während des gesamten Mittelalters lag die Verpflegung kranker Menschen überwiegend in der Hand religiöser Ordensgemeinschaften. Die Mönche und Nonnen schöpften ihr medizinisches Wissen aus den Überlieferungen des klassischen Altertums undwandten Praktiken wie den Aderlass oder den Einlauf beinahe willkürlich an. So manche Methode lässt heutige Mediziner nur noch den Kopf schütteln.
Klicken Sie auf ein Bild, um die Galerie zu starten.
Anatomie: mangelhaft

Im oberen Bild ist deutlich zu erkennen, wie mangelhaft das Wissen um den eigenen Körper im Mittelalter war. Medizin damals war eine Mischung aus überliefertem und häufig veraltetem Wissen, Scharlatanerie, Aberglaube und praktischen Erfahrungen. Kirchliche Dogmen verhinderten eine Obduktion Verstorbener, oft sogar Operationen, so dass eine ernsthafte Forschung nicht betrieben werden konnte.

Die vier Säfte des Körpers

Die Ärzte im Mittelalter gingen davon aus, dass die Gesundheit eines Menschen von der Balance seiner vier Körpersäfte abhängig war: Blut, Schleim, gelbe und schwarze Galle regelten in ihren Augen nicht nur den Stoffwechsel, sondern waren auch für den Gemütszustand einer Person zuständig. Mit dem Aderlass sollte das Gleichgewicht der Säfte wieder hergestellt werden.

Folliculitis

Definition
By Mayo Clinic staff

With common names like hot tub folliculitis and barber's itch, folliculitis may sound more like a bad joke than a skin disorder. But folliculitis, an infection of the hair follicles, is no laughing matter. Severe cases may cause permanent hair loss and scarring, and even mild folliculitis can be uncomfortable and embarrassing.
Folliculitis usually appears as small, white-headed pimples around one or more hair follicles — the tiny pockets from which each hair grows. Most infections are superficial, and they may itch, but on occasion they're painful. Superficial folliculitis often clears by itself in a few days, but deep or recurring folliculitis may need medical treatment.

Symptoms
...
Superficial folliculitis
Superficial forms of folliculitis include:

• Staphylococcal folliculitis. This common type of folliculitis is marked by itchy, white, pus-filled bumps that can occur anywhere on your body. When it affects the beard area of men, it's called barber's itch. It occurs when hair follicles become infected with Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria. Although staph bacteria live on your skin all the time, they generally cause problems only when they enter your body through a cut or other wound. This can occur through shaving or with an injury to the skin.
• Pseudomonas folliculitis (hot tub folliculitis). The pseudomonas bacteria that cause this form of folliculitis thrive in a wide range of environments, including hot tubs whose chlorine and pH levels aren't well regulated. Within eight hours to five days of exposure to the bacteria, a rash of red, round, itchy bumps will appear that later may develop into small pus-filled blisters (pustules). The rash is likely to be worse in areas where your swimsuit holds contaminated water against your skin. You're at increased risk of infection if you have diabetes, a history of skin infections, or open cuts or sores.
• Tinea barbae. Caused by a fungus rather than a bacterium, this type of folliculitis develops in the beard area in men, causing itchy, white bumps. The surrounding skin also may become reddened. A more serious, inflammatory form of the infection appears as pus-filled nodules that eventually form a crust and that may occur along with swollen lymph nodes and fever.
• Pseudofolliculitis barbae. An inflammation of the hair follicles in the beard area, pseudofolliculitis barbae affects men with curly beards. It develops when shaved hairs curve back into the skin, leading to inflammation and, in rare cases, to dark raised scars (keloid scars) on the face and neck.
• Pityrosporum folliculitis. Especially common in young and middle-aged adults, pityrosporum folliculitis produces chronic, red, itchy pustules on the back and chest and sometimes on the neck, shoulders, upper arms and face. It's caused by the yeast-like fungus.
• Herpetic folliculitis. Shaving through a cold sore — a small, fluid-filled blister caused by the herpes simplex virus — can sometimes spread the herpes infection to neighboring hair follicles.

Deep folliculitis
Types of deep folliculitis include:

• Gram-negative folliculitis. This sometimes develops in people receiving long-term antibiotic treatment for acne. Antibiotics alter the normal balance of bacteria in the nose, leading to an overgrowth of harmful organisms (gram-negative bacteria). In most people, this doesn't cause problems, and the flora in the nose returns to normal once antibiotics are stopped. In a few people, however, gram-negative bacteria spread to the cheeks, chin and jaw line, where they cause new, sometimes-severe acne lesions.
• Boils and carbuncles. These occur when hair follicles become deeply infected with staph bacteria. A boil usually appears suddenly as a painful pink or red bump about 1/2 inch in diameter. The surrounding skin also may be red and swollen. Within 24 hours, the bump fills with pus. It grows larger and more painful for five to seven days, sometimes reaching golf ball size before it develops a yellow-white tip that finally ruptures and drains. Boils generally clear completely in about two weeks. Small boils usually heal without scarring, but a large boil may leave a scar. A carbuncle is a cluster of boils that often occurs on the back of the neck, shoulders or thighs, especially in older men. Carbuncles cause a deeper and more severe infection than does a single boil. As a result, they develop and heal more slowly and are likely to leave scars.
• Eosinophilic folliculitis. Seen primarily in HIV-positive people, this type of folliculitis is characterized by recurring patches of inflamed, pus-filled sores, primarily on the face and sometimes on the back or upper arms. The sores usually spread, may itch intensely and often leave areas of darker than normal skin (hyperpigmentation) when they heal. The exact cause of eosinophilic folliculitis isn't known, although it may involve the same yeast-like fungus responsible for pityrosporum folliculitis.