Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, usually abbreviated to NSAIDs or NAIDs, but also referred to as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics (NSAIAs) or nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs), are drugs with analgesic and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects and which have, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects.
The term "nonsteroidal" is used to distinguish these drugs from steroids, which, among a broad range of other effects, have a similar eicosanoid-depressing, anti-inflammatory action. As analgesics, NSAIDs are unusual in that they are non-narcotic.
The most prominent members of this group of drugs are aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, all of which are available over the counter in many areas.^[1][2]
Contents

• 1 Medical uses
• 2 Adverse effects
  • 2.1 Combinational risk
  • 2.2 Cardiovascular
  • 2.3 Gastrointestinal
  • 2.4 Inflammatory bowel disease
  • 2.5 Renal
  • 2.6 Photosensitivity
  • 2.7 During pregnancy
  • 2.8 Other
  • 2.9 Drug Interactions
• 3 Mechanism of action
  • 3.1 Antipyretic activity
• 4 Classification
  • 4.1 Salicylates
  • 4.2 Propionic acid derivatives
  • 4.3 Acetic acid derivatives
  • 4.4 Enolic acid (Oxicam) derivatives
  • 4.5 Fenamic acid derivatives ( Fenamates )
  • 4.6 Selective COX-2 inhibitors (Coxibs)
  • 4.7 Sulphonanilides
  • 4.8 Others
  • 4.9 Main practical differences
• 5 Pharmacokinetics
• 6 Chirality
• 7 Selective COX inhibitors
  • 7.1 COX-2 inhibitors
    • 7.1.1 Controversies with COX-2 inhibitors
  • 7.2 COX-3 inhibitors
• 8 Veterinary use
• 9 References